The Bonus Army Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Bonus Army - Essay Example The Government considered the cash-payment redemption to be inflationary and impractical increasing the budget deficit for two million dollars (Kingseed). As the atmosphere of frustration and despair was worsening the American Communist Party found and an opportunity to complicate things more sending John Pace to instigate a riot. Though the role he played is quite ambiguous the historians agree that the veterans were getting more aggressive and the Government was alarmed with his presence. As the consequence the tensions dramatically escalated up to physical violence. Starting with the police clashes the fear of the communist presence led to the military force involvement. When the fire was opened by the police and the situation went out of control the President Hoover took an advantage of the incident and directed to unleash the military in order to expel the marchers from the capital. At this point Douglas MacArthur assumes the role of the key actor of the eviction operation. Havi ng ousted the veterans from the downtown his mission was completed, but for whatever reason MacArthur decided to break the explicit instructions and continue coming down to Anacostia flats where resided the marchers and putting on fire the entire camp. Giving a press conference MacArthur justified his harsh action by the necessity to confront the communists, claiming that the Reds were plotting the revolution representing a threat to the government. Both Hoover and Macarthur believed that the majority of the rioters were communists. This assumption probably can explain the over-action. However, according to the numbers revealed by the Veterans Administration the president’s presuppositions were overestimated. Communists did not exceed 6 percent of the marchers (Kingseed). Wyatt Kingseed in his article The ‘Bonus Army’ War characterizes the MacArthur’s actions pay attention to his personality and problems with subordination saying that his â€Å"ambition p roved too great an obstacle for history to erase its view of his performance against the Bonus Army† (Kingseed). Nevertheless, while the government reaction was undoubtedly too harsh it should be considered in the complex with other events (like hunger march in Detroit auto plant) and difficult conditions of the Great Depression which suggested the growing communist sentiments in the society and subsequent threat to the capitalist system. The incident obviously could not help influence the presidential election in the fall of 1932. By calling the army to interfere and then being forced to support the MacArthur’s actions to suppress the veterans unrest Hoover was not able to do anything with the public opinion. The other president candidate from the Democratic Party Franklin D. Roosevelt though did not support the immediate cash-payment of the bonus either, understood the significance of the order to resort to force. Consequently the Bonus Army incident brought him to th e victory on the election. The next year the veterans came back to Washington to press the same question again. Roosevelt applied completely different strategy to handle the issue and sent his wife to speak with them. He took certain measures to resolve the problem: first producing the Economy Act that advantaged mostly a disabled veterans; creating

How the Impact of Culture Affects Ethical and Moral Communications Research Paper

How the Impact of Culture Affects Ethical and Moral Communications - Research Paper Example The basic process of communication has many barriers that impact its effectiveness and cultural is one of the elements of â€Å"noise† that can distort the understanding and interpretation of the message (John). Cultural differences in understanding, as well as message delivery, can become barriers to effective communication. And these differences have become more profound by the proliferation of mass media and social media promoted through the increasing use of the internet (Lauring). The impact of culture on meaningful business and inter-organizational communication is dependent upon the nature of cultural context, a theory proposed by Edward Hall. Based on his findings, people in organizations rely on other sensory and behavioral cues in sending, receiving and interpreting messages. The filters are socially constructed and so are these sensory cues thus each individual’s communication process is greatly influenced by the norms and value of his cultural context (Chita kornkijsil). In high context cultures, such as Chinese, Korean and Indian, people rely less on verbal cues and more on nonverbal elements like voice, facial expressions, tone and the implied meaning of the message rather than the literal meaning. In low context cultures including the American, Australian and the English cultures, on the other hand, the sender and receiver are more oriented towards the direct and literal meaning of the messages implied (Karin). Likewise in individualist cultures place more importance on personal goals rather than group interests in communication. On the other hand, the collectivist cultures induce people to think of themselves an extended part of the organization thus making inter-organizational communication more effective (Caroline). Hence, culture has the tendency to impact the moral and ethical dimensions of communication in a business as well as a social setting, this is because of the cognitive constraints which pertain to the different framing of the same idea and differing value systems. Secondly, there exist behavioral constraints in terms of the everyday behavioral practices including standards of proximity, eye contact, shaking hands etc. for example, in America culture, it is against the social etiquette to not look the other person in the eye while speaking to him while in Asian cultures, looking in the eye can mean disrespect. Likewise, while in American culture, greeting someone with a smile is again a social etiquette; in Germany, this can send a flirtatious sign to the opposite gender. Thirdly, the emotional constraints hinder and can impact the social and moral dimensions of communication. For example, in Japanese culture, silence is an integral part of work ethics, in Asian cultures silence is taken to be affirmation irrespective of the actual state of mind of the person whereas the American managers are more talkative and consider talking imperative to convey the right messages to their subordinates and co-w orkers (Sunita).

Abortion of Fetus with Down Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abortion of Fetus with Down Syndrome - Essay Example For instance, these proponents have argued that for a fetus with Down syndrome, it is permissible to carry out abortion. Down syndrome (DS) is a health condition in which superfluous genetic material leads to delays in the mental and physical development. This paper holds that it is morally permissible to abort a fetus with Down syndrome due to various reasons. Apparently, aborting this fetus will save it future pain and suffering once born. In addition, the fetus lacks capacity for making its own decision and does not have the capacity to desire for the continuation of its existence. Moreover, the fetus lacks more developed person-like features and it lacks fully developed rights to life (Warren, 2004). Moral issues surrounding abortion. The issue of terminal conditions and abortion accrues from the idea of active euthanasia. Marquis (1989) indicates that the overall issue of killing a person who is terminally ill to save him or her from pain is sometimes not justifiable. This accrues from the premise that death is more painful that all other forms of physical pain. On the other hand, he claims that it is not generally wrong to kill the person who would die anyway. Under this premise, it is then not morally wrong to abort or terminate a fetus suffering from a terminal condition such as Down syndrome. This raises the proposition that aborting might be illegal but considering the moral responsibility concerning terminal conditions, it becomes morally justifiable. ... He adds that the parents of these children undergoes through hard financial strains while trying to provide adequate treatment to them. It is under this notion that it becomes morally permissible to abort a fetus that will probably bring about these problems once born. This premise asserts that it is not morally wrong to terminate a life that would otherwise go through pain and bring strain. He adds that there is a difference between terminally ill adult individuals and a fetus with a severe condition. This is in the sense that the adult individual can make a decision for himself or herself while the fetus does tot have the capacity to make its own decision. This therefore supports the claim that it is vital to make the decision on behalf of the fetus, thus becoming morally acceptable to abort it. On the other hand, Marquis (1989) indicates that some opponents of this issue would claim that it is not right to kill a terminally ill person due to his or her future value. Under this pre mise, the opponents would argue that this should be the same in the case of a fetus with Down syndrome. However, this assertion fails in the sense that a fetus is not fully ripe to realize its value in the future. Though there might be some innate value in the baby, there is no justification that it would add value in the future. This premise rests entirely in the public opinion but not in the reality of the issue. Another strong view in proposing the issue of aborting a 16 week- fetus with Down syndrome rests in the incompleteness of the person-like feature of the fetus. It is very evident that even though opponents of abortion argue that the fetus is a human being, it lacks unquestionable features to make it person-like. For instance, Warren (2004)

Figures of speech Essay Example for Free

Figures of speech Essay * Why are figures of speech important? * How can figures of speech add more meaning to poetry? Objectives: * Compile figures of speech found in songs * Decode the figures of speech used in the compiled songs 1. â€Å"Why does love always feel like a battlefield, a battlefield† (Battlefield by Jordin Sparks) – Simile. The song compares love to a battlefield because love means sacrifice and compromise, just like when you’re in a battlefield. 2. â€Å"Shot me out of the sky, you’re my kryptonite† (One Thing by One Direction) – Metaphor. This song directly compares you and kryptonite which means you are compared to his/her weakness. 3. â€Å"Cause Id get a thousand hugs from ten thousand lightning bugs as they tried to teach me how to dance† ( Fireflies by Owl City† – Personification. In this song, the ten thousand lightning bugs has human like characteristics which is that they were trying to teach him how to dance. 4. â€Å"Dear John, I see it all now that you’re gone, don’t you think I was too young to be messed with?† (Dear John by Taylor Swift) – Apostrophe. Taylor Swift is addressing â€Å"John† who is gone or who is absent. 5. â€Å"I know how to laugh but I dont know happiness (Love Tried to Welcome Me by Madonna) Irony. Because when you laugh, it means that you are happy but even though she knows how to laugh, she isn’t happy. 6. â€Å"Who would have known how bittersweet this would taste?† (Someone Like You by Adele)- Oxymoron. This is an oxymoron because bitter and sweet are two opposite words though they are in one statement. 7. â€Å"Before the door’s closed and it comes to an end† (Keep Holding On by Avril Lavigne) – Metonymy. This line of the song is metonymy because the word â€Å"door† substitutes the idea of â€Å"an opportunity†. 8. â€Å"‘Cause you know I’d walk a thousand miles, if I could just see you tonight† (A Thousand Miles by Vanessa Carlton)- Hyperbole. This is a hyperbole because this statement was exaggerated. Nobody could walk a  thousand miles. 9. â€Å"Whatever happened to Amelia Earhart? Who holds the stars up in the sky? (Someday We’ll Know by New Radicals) – Allusion. The song refers to Amelia Earhart who is a historical character. She was the first aviatrix to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. 10. â€Å"You’re the devil in disguise† (Walk Like An Angel by Elvis Presley) – Metaphor. It is a metaphor because the singer is directly comparing â€Å"you† to the devil. 11. â€Å"You and I go hard at each other like we’re going at war† (One More Night by Maroon 5) Simile. It is a simile because the song compares that they’re going hard at each other with going at a war 12. â€Å"I have died everyday waiting for you† (A Thousand Years by Christina Perri†) – Hyperbole. Because it’s exaggerated. Nobody could actually die just waiting for a person and nobody could die every day. 13. â€Å"Forgive him when his tongue lies through his brain, even after three times he betrays me† (Judas by Lady Gaga) – Allusion. In this song, they are referring to Judas Iscariot from the bible, because like what is stated in the song, Judas Iscariot was the one who betrayed Jesus. 14. â€Å"And you shouldnt have to be alone, I would rather be alone together â€Å"(Alone Together by Daley) – Oxymoron. This is an oxymoron because alone and together is opposites yet they are joined in one statement.

The effect of money in elections

The effect of money in elections Historically, we have had a two party system with minor parties. In todays society Americas two party systems affects the elections and decision of voters as an American Political Landscape. Both parties progresses the ability to mark their political public services to individual voters based on computer models they established from historic patterns and large sample- sized polls that push approaches towards the issues and the candidates, called data mining. Theres either a view point with the Democratic Party on the Right of the table, and on the left of the table there is the Republican Party that has a totally different observation about the topic of discussion. These will be the only TWO options you can vote on or either vote for. The Democratic and Republican national parties and most state parties are moderate in their policies and leadership. In recent years both parties have strengthen the role of the national committee and enhanced the inference of individual committee members. Over time, although the citizens have the right to elect and vote, our Democracy party has combined between the direct democracy and representative democracy. Having a direct democracy is allowing the people to vote who should run as nominees in the office. In representative democracy this is allowing the people to elect those who govern to pass laws; also known as the, Republic. The rules to the political voting and elections game have changed and expanded to the citizens, these rules in America affects how it is to be played. Two words, Thriving Media, according to the text also in, Government by the People, (p. 212) is the surrounding function of our elections and voters in todays society. The media, in particular the print media, have been called the fourth estate and the fourth branch of government. Seventy percent of the public think that the media and internet sources are watch dogs, here to inform us about any such moves during an election. Everyone wants a say-so, and to point fingers at who to vote for the best candidate, of the two. Platforms are ambiguous by design, giving voters few obvious reasons to vote against the party. The American two part system has the effect of using both systems against one another, who knows if each nominee will practice what they preach, once being voted into the office. As read above yes we do have a two part system, but it seems like the two maybe combining together and causing our voters and elections to bring across confusion. There are many internet resources we could use (Watch- Dogs) but in what favor are those resources really? The political game is just that a game used to get that, Winner-Takes-All peaking point. The American two part system affects our elections and voter choices by perception. I even feel as if everyone is not getting to express themselves with exactly what they need from our government. Having a two part system does not let the United States explore enough or as many choices as having a muliti- system. Money,- Although the parties cannot exert tight control over candidates, their ability to raise and spend money has had a significant influence. This time in life money plays a major role on anything, so with the elections and votes it has full control over America. Studies have shown on the Google, website, that the Republican Party spends six times as much money on their campaigns than the Democrat party. Thanks to, Citizens vs. F.E.C. getting the law passed that as much money can be given or fundraised to a campaign in any amount. This allows all sorts of sponsors, interest groups, corporate fronts, and lobbyist to step their foot into the campaign world. Defend Democracy, this statement was used to fight the battle that Corporations should be given an equal opportunity as citizens of the United States of America. In other, words opening the door so that all candidates should be able to spend as much money as conceivable to their campaign. As declared in 1976 and 1978, America has money defined as, Soft Money- money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party-building purposes. Now largely illegal except for limited contributions to state or local parties for voter registration and get-out-the-vote efforts. also according to our text in Government by the People, (p. 197). America also has, Hard- Money- Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed. Raising such limited funds is harder than raising unlimited funds, hence the term hard money. All national party committees combined raised more than $509 MILLION of soft money in the 1999- 2000 election cycles, up from 110 MILLION adjusted for inflation in 1991- 1992. Banning soft money became the primary objective of reformers and was one of the more important provisions in the BRCA. Soft money enabled large donors to be major players in campaign finance. In the 2008 election the Obama campaign used advertisements such as the Internet to coordinate, communicate, and recruit volunteers (interest groups). I could say that it does give a freedom of speech, but to whom, the nominee or the voters? Advertisement is used worldwide to persuade the people into buying the product. Political advertisement is very manipulation able. In this situation the product thats trying to be sold is the vote. The United States uses political advertisement as an enhancement to vote for whoever the best candidate seems to favor at that time in the public eye. There may be some proof that the media may influence our culture in America by a great deal. America has the television, the newspapers, Internet, and the radio for advertisement sources. The television gives us an image that print media such as the newspaper cannot. We get to experience and create a picture of what things are going on in the political world. Newspapers are still being read, as I still do read them but not necessarily for politics, I usually do watch the television to keep up with elections for visuals. Another stronger advertisement in politics and in anything today is the Internet. The drastic increase in usage of the web also can give visuals and a lot of information on the candidates up for running. The news media have changed dramatically throughout the course of U.S. history. By calling the publics attention to certain issues, the media help determine what topics will become subjects of public debate and legislation. In a way the advertisement of the elections is to throw out an attention grabber, then lower the audience in to pick them as a nominee. Advertisement is very persuasive in running elections. This subject can also put us back at the money being used for the elections. The more money a campaign has the more information and broadcasting they can attend to get to voters. Cool slogans catch the peoples interests, especially a younger crowd that rarely pays close thoughtfulness to anything in politics. There are a lot of commercials and post boards blinding us about different candidates proposal. No one would ever get to see the competitors argument if they could not raise enough money to broadcast as much. According to different internet anonymous sources all over the internet, theres an impression that corporation helping maintain certain nominees up for the office stand to be pretty scandalous. On that note I leave this paper with the finding of huge information and knowledge I didnt know or had even considered with my own government. Happening in the United States of America, is the American two- party system, money issues, and advertisement usage and the effects on elections and the voter system today.

Aristotle and Happiness of the Soul Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essay

One of Aristotle’s conclusions in the first book of Nicomachean Ethics is that â€Å"human good turns out to be the soul’s activity that expresses virtue†(EN 1.7.1098a17). This conclusion can be explicated with Aristotle’s definitions and reasonings concerning good, activity of soul, and excellence through virtue; all with respect to happiness. Aristotle opens his argument with the statement: â€Å"the good has been well described as that at which everything aims†(1.1.1094a2). This premise means that all actions aim at an end that is good. Moreover, through this definition of good, there are numerous goods corresponding to numerous actions. How can we know which good is the best, or highest good? Aristotle introduces a hierarchy of goods. In order to have an end there must be an activity, yet â€Å"the product (of the activity) is by nature better than the activity†(1.1.1094a6). Rather, each end in turn aims for something else: another end. It seems that this hierarchy would perpetuate into infinity, however Aristotle establishes that there is an action that has an absolute end, meaning that the end aims at nothing else. The action that produces the absolute end is pursued â€Å"because of itself;† thus this end will be the highest and best good (1.2.1094a18-22). Further, Aristotle parallels the highest good with happiness: â€Å"As far as its name goes, most people virtually agree [about what the good is] †¦ (and) call it happiness†(1.4.1095a17-19). In order for happiness to fit Aristotle’s definition of the good it must be â€Å"unconditionally complete† meaning â€Å"choiceworthy in itself†(1.7.1097a34) and â€Å"self-sufficient† meaning â€Å"lacking nothing†(1.7.1097b15). To be the highest good happiness will need to be the â€Å"mos... ...Aristotle’s conclusion relates human good, activity of soul and excellence. It is this expression of virtue through action that allows happiness to be obtained. Such dependence on virtue sets the scene for Aristotle to examine virtue more closely. He will elaborate on the two parts of reasoning well (virtue). The first part of reasoning well is having the right desires to aim oneself at the right good and not just the apparent good. The second part of reasoning well is knowing how to get to this proper desire. This will be further elaborated in book two where Aristotle will explore what it means to reason well and what is means to be virtuous. Work Cited Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Terence Irwin. Hackett Publishing Company: Indianapolis. 1985. Note: In citations, [] indicate translators additions, while ( ) indicate my own additions.

Las Dos Fridas (The Two Fridas) – Frida Kahlo Painting

Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo Calderon, or Frida Kahlo, was a painter born in Mexico in 1907 and died in 1954. Her father was German and her mother was Mexican Indian. From her childhood, she was diagnosed with polio, a disease that infects the spine, and the disease left her right leg distorted. At 18, returning from her art school, the bus she was riding in hit a tram and an iron bar pierced her abdomen/pelvis area. Her legs and vertebrae suffered serious damage. The accident was a turning point in her life. In her hospital bed, she installed a mirror above her bed. She painted many works, most of which were self-portraits.In 1928, Frida met Diego Rivera, whom she married a year later. She could not have children with him because of the accident. Frida was a huge part of the surrealism movement, and a good example of this would be her painting, â€Å"Las Dos Fridas† (â€Å"The Two Fridas†). This work was painted in 1939, shortly after her divorce from Diego Rivera. The painting depicts two different personalities, or versions of her, sitting on a bench. The Frida on the left is clad in a Victorian era wedding dress (this depicts the Frida that Diego left), and the one on the right wears a Tehuana, which is the part of Frida that Diego loved and respected.The hearts of the two Fridas are exposed. The one on the left’s heart is broken, and the one on the right’s heart is whole. The fact that she is holding her own hand could suggest that she wants us to see that she is her only companion. The composition of the foreground makes the two women the centre of attention, and the gloomy sky in the background could reflect inner turmoil. Despite the deeper meaning of the portrait, both Fridas look equally as confident and officious.Movement in this portrait is very little, the only thing we can see that is actively moving is the cut artery from her heart which is squirting blood. This is the first thing that caught my attention. I think, pai red with the scissors in her hand, this could imply self-destruction but giving the circumstances one would be right to assume heartbreak. The actual make-up of the painting is very pristine, with her use of oil on canvas. The brush strokes are delicate, precise and give a realistic effect. There’s a lot of depth in the painting, like in the folds of her dresses and the use of shadow.Frida has shown light and dark tones clearly by making herself the lightest and most vibrant subject in the area, which in contrast, is very dark and almost sinister. Despite the contrast, there’s still a sort of darkness all throughout the painting. The portrait gives an overall negative vibe; it makes me feel sympathetic towards her. The use of line is very subtle and is immaculately blended. The most colourful thing in the foreground is the happy Frida on the right, who wears blue, orange, and gold tones. There doesn’t seem to be an obvious colour scheme.Frida in the white dress is very neutral; it complies of subtle tones of olive and lilac, and overall the wedding dress is a blend of harmonious colours. The painting is, in my opinion, half cold tones and half warm tones. The representation of herself in the painting is realistic but her style of painting gives it an almost cartoon effect. I really adore this painting. I like it because it’s obviously something which holds much deeper meaning. It’s symbolic of heartbreak, despair and deceitfulness but, ultimately, is a representation of empowerment and sticking by your side when no one else will.