Social Interaction Problems

Social communication issues frequently influence all social orders, huge or little. Indeed, even in to some degree disconnected and inadequately populated locales, they will encounter moves identified with social cooperations. The purpose behind this is a direct result of the way that each individual from certain general public remaining close to one another will have disagreements.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Social Interaction Problems explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is practically impracticable to avoid them and a few people who remain together in a similar structure or house frequently don't get along easily. For the most part however, in the event that social collaboration challenges are discussed, they are probably going to mean the issues which influence individuals remaining together in a specific culture (Mooney 14). In United States, some significant social communication issues involves the expanding hole among rich and poor , joblessness, prejudice, family savagery, etc. Now and again social issues come up when people have various perspectives with respect to how to tackle specific circumstances, for example, startling pregnancy (Sherif and Brannigan 118). A few people may seem to help premature birth to unravel the issue, while different individuals from the general public are in juxtaposition to the thought. Various perspectives on the best way to illuminate issues produce holes in social gatherings. An ideal model which depicts social collaboration is the adolescents in United States where in fact is indefensible. US is prestigious as the supporter of articulation yet they don't permit adolescents from communicating by expressing that what they will recommend is lustful or deteriorated. US, which rehearses decent variety and resistance, has set up some equivalent and biased arrangement of rules for youthful residents which on the off chance that they oppose them they will wind up getting rebuffed. A few issues might be noted as a subject of social cooperation disappointment. Hip jump culture, medicate abuse, fetus removal, and gay relationships are some social components which slack the nation from being equipped for fusing and effectively have Social Interaction with the youthful residents (Mooney 14). Be that as it may, it is the risk of all individuals from the general public, gave their development and information, to welcome the youngsters. As opposed to ceaseless dissatisfaction and derision, they should allow them to join in their own way in the social framework. It is likewise noteworthy that social difficulties impact the connection with networks which can bring about worldwide issues or issues. The manner by which U.S. are taking care of the issues of creating nation can have sway on the relationship with that nation and different nations on the planet for a considerable length of time to come (Sherif and Brannigan 118). In spite of the fact that the United States ha d an incredible help of making a Jewish State in Israel, its help created a tremendous relationship holes with some Arabic countries.Advertising Looking for paper on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Autism is certainly not a specific issue however a compound arrangement of practices which ordinarily surface around age two. Youngsters encountering chemical imbalance for the most part have social communication challenges and attempt repeating, evidently over the top schedules. In United States, contemplates did by the U.S. Communities for Disease Control and Prevention detailed that around 1 of every 100 children are with Autism, which is far above some time ago idea (Sherif and Brannigan 118). The very condition of social communication issues recommends that the network is simply the issue. There is no nation which has made an ideal society where all can uninhibitedly communicate and where no social difficulties exi st. The individuals themselves are the barricade for this change and the same number of express that flawlessness may not be feasible objective. Works Cited Mooney, Linda. Understanding Social Problems. North Shore: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Sherif, Muzafer and Augustine Brannigan. Social collaboration: procedure and items. New York: Transaction Publishers, 2011. Print. This paper on Social Interaction Problems was composed and put together by client Charles B. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

The Obama Presidency Essay

The Obama Presidency Essay Free Online Research Papers Unquestionably with regards to the 2008 presidential political decision representative Barack Obama is at the highest priority on the rundown. Barack Obama was the fifth African American representative in the unified state’s history and the main African American as of now serving in the United States Senate. Representative Obama had recently served three years in the Senate in Illinois before his declaration to run for the administration. Be that as it may, after November 3, 2008, America Brought about change and without precedent for American history chose the primary African American president, Barack Obama. As I would see it, he is a profoundly energetic speaker and is a backer for a superior America. President Obama was a competitor that fanned out to every ideological group. After perusing me Obama book CHANGE WE CAN BELIEVE IN I ran over some fascinating strategies and political difficulties that we as Americans are looking in this crucial time. The principle political view that drew my consideration was that precedent’s Obama plan to fortify social equality and battle for a more pleasant equity framework, end racial profiling and secure the option to cast a ballot just helped ones self to remember all the shameful acts that we as a country despite everything need to survive. The American individuals could have not designated a superior man. Barack Obama’s record justifies itself with real evidence. President Obama has attempted to advance common right and reasonableness in the criminal equity framework all through his profession. As a network coordinator, Obama helped 150,000 African Americans register to cast a ballot. As a social equality lawyer, Obama disputed business segregation, lodging separation, and casting a ballot right cases. As a representative, Obama passed one of the nations first racial profiling laws he has been a main supporter in securing the rights to cast a ballot and serving to reauthoriz e the democratic rights act and driving restriction against prejudicial boundaries to cast a ballot and will work to authorize common right laws. The entirety of this you inquire. How or what does the appointment of Barack Obama, the main African-American President, intends to me and my family. On the off chance that there is anybody out there who despite everything questions that America is where everything are conceivable; who despite everything thinks about whether the fantasy of our organizers is alive presently; who despite everything addresses the intensity of our majority rules system, Today is your answer President-Elect Barack Obama couldn't have said it better. At the point when he discussed all the individuals who had seeks after this country, being the rich and the poor the Democrats and the Republicans, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay striate, incapacitated and not crippled. ALL PEOPLE. This change has been a change that has influenced the whole world. Not only for this country, This has made an impression on all the world that we are an extraordinary people. I originated from a predominant white family experiencing childhood, in a town where I had never observed any African American individuals. My family had no connections to any dark African Americans whatsoever. So as I grew up, I experienced childhood in a poor neighborhood. I can recall my folks saying something regarding a major downturn and I can recollect President Regan. I never truly focused, likely in light of the fact that I was a child who didn’t care. I do recollect growing up poor however. My folks made some hard memories when we became ill. We didn’t have clinical cards, since we were poor that we could simply go to the specialist. We just didn’t go. My mom was a sort of an old witch specialist. She would give all of us sorts of tinctures and home grown cures she developed in her nursery. This was not on the grounds that she needed as well but since of need. Human services has been terrible in our country for quite a while. I trust I was eight and now I am 40 we despite everything have the equivalent perhaps more terrible human services issues. Rather than it costing 25.00 to see a doctor it costs 75.00 and without protection, the workplace needs installment in advance. It’s not simply the specialists and doctors. The medication organizations are frightful moreover. On the off chance that you are older or on a fixed salary, it is practically difficult to buy drug that costs 120.00 per bottle. Sure Walmart has 200 solutions for four dollars each however how regularly would you be able to be so fortunate to get the ones on their rundowns. It’s not simply the clinical field. It’s the gas business, the car business, the electric organizations the gas organizations, the lodging enterprises. Individuals left and right are losing their homes to abandonments. Our economy is in unrest our downturn is the most profound it’s been in 30 years. What's more, this all influences me and my loved ones. Out of nowhere, we have a presidential candidate who is from a modest birth, A child of a single parent, who grew up raised by his grandma. Like such a significant number of other customary poor Americans, and who, just so happens to be biracial. I know the papers and media identify with President Barack Obama as a Black Man, yet in actuality, he is Mixed. Presently in my grown-up life, this means the world to me. Ten years back I met an African-American Man whom I discovered I shared more practically speaking with than any one man, white or dark. I had been hitched to a man with a dysfunctional behavior for a long time and experienced destitution and absence of clinical treatment for him. At long last, following 12 years I was unable to manage the issues of being needy and roaming, moving starting with one town then onto the next, poor and hauling my kids with me, one school after another. I at long last settled down and chose to remain. I got a home in a neighborhood low-salary lodging program where my lease was free and I was given an enhancement for the utilities. I had four little girls whom I stressed over intellectually, genuinely and inwardly. Everything was functioning admirably for me. At that point I met Lee, a Black man one of the main Black men in my town. At the time there were just two living in this little supremacist t own of around 3,000 individuals. I attempted to have Lee move in with me the lodging program chairman bent over backward to shield Lee from moving into my home with me. At long last, I was ousted in light of the fact that he was gotten on my property by a neighbor who told. This for his being dark. We moved to another house in a similar town. In the wake of being together for quite a long while we chose to get hitched. Thusly, we at that point had four youngsters together. Experiencing the entirety of this, was the one idea, in what manner will my youngsters be acknowledged, Will my kids be acknowledged. Particularly in this town. Step by step more Blacks have moved into my town and the acknowledgment is developing. My youngsters go to class with six other blended interracial dark/white kids. The interracial issues in our general public as I see it relies a little upon where you live. On the off chance that you live in the southern states, the supremacist issues are high. Both for dark and for white. For Mixed interracial kids are as yet looked downward on, treated as not equivalent in mental capacities as white Caucasian youngsters. We like to feel that we have moved beyond this component of bigotry yet it really exists. What's more, for me, I didn’t see it until I had blended youngsters and hitched a Black man myself. I have been turned down for employments, got some distance from places of worship, companions have dismissed me for being with a dark man. Indeed, even my own family has dismissed me first in light of my decision to wed a dark man, second in view of my decision to have kids with him. Our general public has gone along path from the times of Slavery, however a portion of the regular old sentiments thoughts despite everything exist isolation despite everything exists in various structures. Presently in the 2008 Presidential Election, we have a Mixed interracial chosen one who discusses all the issues in our general public, he sees how it is to be poor. To scratch for food, to battle for heat in the winter, to remain in long queues for food, and clinical consideration. For the poor as well as for the old and for the entirety of our countries individuals. We NEED a change. We need an a momentous development to push us toward another path as a country and as a people. What sort of a general public will my kids experience childhood in? I won’t be here until the end of time. By what means will my little girl and my child be treated in school and in the public arena as an interracial American? For this has tormented me since I discovered I was anticipating them. Presently as the Elected President Barack Obama, we as a country have disregarded his shading, crowd his inspirational statements and trusted that this Man of shading can bring us into another age of Pride in ourselves, ignoring the shade of ones skin, to meet up as a country and as a people. Regardless of whether Barack Obama is for you or not, the message is for everybody. Get included, trust you can have any kind of effect. Let us bring another soul of enthusiasm; of administration and duty where every one of us makes plans to contribute and work more diligently and take care of ourselves as well as one another. In the entirety of this, it is my expectation that we settled on the correct decision. This is the way I accept that. The appointment of Barack Obama has influenced me and my family, and furthermore my country. Research Papers on The Obama Presidency EssayMr. Obama and IranEssay on â€Å"I have a Dream† Dr KingEmployment Law EssayEmmett Till BiographyThe Equal Rights AmendmentRacism and InjusticeLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettCash or Card?Government Funding Essay

The 13 Books Im Saving for My Daughter

The 13 Books Im Saving for My Daughter Obviously, I hope my daughter someday loves every single book I also love. That way, I can look forward to a future in which we sit around in our matching cat slippers and fleece pajama pants while braiding each others hair and debating the relative merits of psychological horror versus supernatural horror. In reality, I know my daughter will develop her own interests, wholly distinct from mine. How else to  explain her obsession with  poop-themed picture books and her enjoyment of the outdoors? Still, there are some books I read and enjoy  and immediately think: Emily will love this someday. Or: Emily will  need  this. For the moment, Em is at the stage (2 and a half) where shes still merely memorizing all the words to  The Saddest Toilet in the World,  rather than actually reading them. But in preparation for the day when she no longer needs me to read aloud to her, Im stockpiling the following books: Dana Simpsons Phoebe and Her Unicorn. I was charmed by this comic about a young girl and her best friend: a magical unicorn named Marigold Heavenly Nostrils (teehee). Like Calvin Hobbes, but with an infusion of girl power, Simpsons comic tackled loneliness and blooming friendship in a way that gave me the warm fuzzies when it wasnt making me snort laughter. Noelle Stevenson and Grace Elliss Lumberjanes.  Of course, Phoebe is merely the precursor to my true obsession. I am madly  in love with Lumberjanes,  a middle grade comic about a group of BFFs  battling supernatural beings at a summer camp vaguely reminiscent of the one I attended as a Girl Scout. Im saving every single volumeâ€"about friendship and loyalty and kicking assâ€"for my future warrior. Michael Endes  The Neverending Story.  Before I started reading horror and only horror, and before my parents started worrying that their daughter was a bit morbid, my favorite childhood book was  The Neverending Story. For one, its a book about a bookâ€"irresistible for a book nerd. For another, its epic tale of  bravery and the magic of imagination was one I couldnt help coming back to again and again. I saw myself in Endes lonely, bullied, bookish young narrator, and it was wildly gratifying to see his growth throughout the course of the book. Sandra Cisneross  The House on Mango Street.  Endes book was all plot, but Cisneross writing is pure poetry. It came into my life at the perfect time for a young girl who was growing to love words, and gave me a window into the life of someone whose day-to-day looked very different from my own. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies  Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions.  This letterâ€"which is being released as a book this coming Marchâ€"was initially a response to a friend who wondered how to raise her baby girl as a feminist. The suggestions Adichie came up with are pure brilliance, and the perfect road map for any mother / daughter duo to follow on the way to full-fledged womanhood. Alida Nugents  You Dont Have to Like Me.  I mentioned in a previous post that this book reminded me of my own feminism primer back in the day, Jessica Valentis  Full Frontal Feminism.  Obviously, I plan to pass it along to my daughter. Roxane Gays  Bad Feminist.  And since were on a roll with essential feminist texts, she just  has  to read the book that made me feel better about  being an imperfect feminist. I first claimed the identity of feminist for myself when I was 22. Then, over time, I started to suspect I was too flawed to be a  true  feminist. Gays essay collection has helped me reclaim feminism at a time when womens rights are facing a devolution. Cheryl Strayeds  Tiny Beautiful Things.  This is the book I gift to every woman in my life. And Em is the most important woman in my life (and also the most adorable). I find that this book is the perfect balm when Im going through a rough patch. It imparts both perspective and wisdom. Heather Corinnas  S.E.X.  You may have noticed in past posts of mine that Im a huge proponent of sex ed from an early age. When Em has graduated from the board books, Ill pass along this book from the founder of Scarleteen for her to read in her own time. Laurie Halse Andersons  Speak.  And because fiction can also impart important lessons, Ill also suggest  Speak.  I read this one at the end of 2016.  It’s a YA about a year in the life of a teenage girl who is sinking under the weight of a big, terrible secret: her rape at the hands of a high school senior the summer before. This book was gripping and true and heartbreaking and insightful, and the narrator is exactly who Id want my daughter to be going on this journey with. Claudia Rankines  Citizen.  I waited far too long to read Rankines much-lauded prose poem about experienced racism in our culture. I wont let Em make the same mistake. Isabella Rotmans  Not on My Watch.  This comic artist regularly does artistic collaborations with Scarleteen. But I actually learned about her myself when I interviewed Erika Moen of  Oh Joy, Sex Toy.  This slim graphic manual is the perfect how-to on consent and responsible bystander-ship. Jolie Kerrs My Boyfriend Barfed in My Handbag and Other Things You Cant Ask Martha.  Finally, in the event Emily ever moves out (a reality thats difficult to imagine at a time when Im counting down the days til we send her to preschool) shell need this. Because she certainly wont learn how to clean from me. Im useless in that department. At least Im teaching her how to cook. And to read, for that matter.

The Importance Of The American Dream - 1363 Words

â€Å"The road to success is not easy to navigate, but with hard work, drive, and passion, its possible to achieve the American dream.† -Tommy Hilfiger. What is the American dream? How is it possible to achieve the American dream if there are large corporations ruining it for the companies trying to reach such dream? The American dream consists of the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. What about those who are starting a new business whose dream is to become a large organization one day? Everyday, large corporations ruin the dream of starting from the bottom and making it to the top to start a business because no opportunity is given,†¦show more content†¦If the companies such as Nestlà ©, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, Unilever, Danone, General Mills, Kelloggs, Mars, Associated British Foods, and Mondelez, are making billions of revenue daily by owning so many companie s, how can an average company survive with loss of profit due to competition with other companies owned by these top corporations? Moreover, I know large businesses are ruining the American dream because they leave no opportunity for small business growth, but for a few people, they believe that the American Dream is fine for small businesses to start because they believe that these businesses have an opportunity. According to Kandra Parrot’s article, â€Å"To me business is tied directly into the promises that makes America what it is. How many of us were sold the American dream from a young age? The American dream is defined as the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. (Parrot) She states that she believes that there is opportunity to start a business, but how is it possible to start a new business when companies in a capitalist society take over the markets economica lly? As a large company, they have no competition to a small business because they have experiences of success and failure, as suppose to a small business where they are striving for their ups, but most definitely receiving their downs, such as investment and inconsistent income. In addition, raisingShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The American Dream918 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are some individuals who want the American dream, such as non-Americans. Even though immigrants essentially founded the American dream as the thirteen colonies expanded, current bans preventing entry from certain countries and regulations attempting to deport others seem to rip that dream out of their grasp. Contrary to popular beliefs, the American dream is not the white picket fence vision we were taught in high school history. Instead, the American dream is the desire to live comfortably withinRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream, an ideal first def ined by James Truslow Adams in the 1931 novel Epic of America. Adams (1931) defined the dream as, The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone... (p. 214). The dream of our ancestors has not changed with the passage of time, but achieving the dream has become much more difficult for the average American. Reviewing data compiled the last few decades paints a bleak picture, wage disparities haveRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream918 Words   |  4 Pageswork through the American Dream, but for one American, Lilly Ledbetter, success has not always come that easily. While working for GoodYear, Ledbetter learned that she was earning less money than her male counterparts. In addition, she was being sexually harassed by her coworkers and punished with poor reviews when she did not comply with their suggestions. As a result, even though Ledbetter worked just as much, if not more, than her male co workers, she was not rewarded as the Dream promises. ThereRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1321 Words   |  6 PagesFormer First Lady, Michelle Obama, eloquently summarized the American Dream at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. â€Å"Barack knows the American Dream because hes lived it...and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where were from, or what we look like, or who we love. And he believes that when youve worked hard, and done well, and walked through that doorway of opportunity...you do not slam it shut behind you...you reach back, and youRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream916 Words   |  4 Pages During the 21st century, there has been a realignment of both social classes and habits due to the events of the last 20 years that make the American dream of the second half of the 20th century impossible to attain. According to Dictionary.com, the American dream is the ideals of opportunity, freedoms, and equality for all Americans. The Am erican dream can no longer be attained for many reasons, but one big reason would be that people of this generation’s interests are not the same of those ofRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1231 Words   |  5 Pageswanted to be successful and powerful. The American Dream or the idea that everyone in the U.S. has an equal opportunity to succeed has been around since 1931. The problem with the American dream today is that in reality people don’t have the same opportunities as they used to. The American Dream may actually just be a dream with no real evidence to prove it’s true. Rana Foroohar, author of â€Å"What Ever Happened to Upward Mobility,† discusses why the American Dream isn’t the same as it used to be and howRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1057 Words   |  5 Pagesthis country today don’t believe that the American dream is alive. Fifty-nine percent of those polled in June agreed that â€Å"the American d ream has become impossible for most people to achieve. More and more Americans believe there is â€Å"not much opportunity† to get ahead†(Alternet). Many adults of the middle and lower classes American population no longer the American dream is no longer attainable because most if not all of the key elements of the American dream are no longer attainable. With financialRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1732 Words   |  7 PagesTo achieve the American Dream, one must work hard and have the dedication to be successful. There are myths relating to this dream leaving lower class members to wonder if the dream exists for them. People in lower class are told if they want to be successful they must put in hard work and true effort. Once they do, they see that they are remaining in the same position they started in. In â€Å"Class of America-2012,† Gregory Mantsios states the ideas of class in the US and explains them. One myth addressedRead MoreThe Importan ce Of The American Dream773 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream has changed drastically thru our history. Back in the 1950 and 1960 the American dream was to have the house with the white picket fence and the 2  ½ kids. Now the dream for a lot of people is to be able to pay their bills and maybe have enough money to go out for a nice little dinner that you did not have to cook yourself. The American dream is dead, it is because the concept has changed from the idea that everyone can improve their life through hard work to the idea that everyoneRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream, an ideal first defined by James Truslow Adams in the 1931 novel Epic of America. Adams (1931) defined the dream as, The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone... (p. 214). The dream of our ancestors has not changed with the passage of time, but achieving the dream has become much m ore difficult for the average American. Reviewing data compiled the last few decades paints a bleak picture, wage disparities have

Effects of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Childrens...

3) There is need to involvement of current and future education training for rural development. 5) The Causal Effects of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Children’s Wellbeing in China Hongwei Xu University of Michigan Yu Xie University of Michigan Population Studies Center Research Report 13-798 August 2013 Findings : 1) Because of migration from Rural to Urban the nutritional requirement are full filled. 2) Because of migration from Rural to urban there is remarkable academic achievements are seen. 3) The rural oriented children do not suffer from mental depression. They maintain themselves. 6) Poverty and Children’s Schooling in Urban and Rural Senegal Mark R. Montgomery Paul C. Hewett2005 No 196 Findings : 1) The living standards effected on the attendance, completion of primary schooling. 2) There is a gender gaps girls cannot to schools than boys. 3) Secondary schools are not accessible for rural children. 7) How Size and Setting Impact Education in Rural Schools Emily C. Bouck Michigan State University The Rural Educator - Spring 2004 Findings : 1) Differences in schools affect students educational experiences. 2) For this nation all schools should be have quality so that students from urban and rural become productive members. 3) Less educational findings affect the rural schools and the students. 8) The Production of Economic Knowledge in Urban and Rural Areas: The Role of Student, Teacher, and School Characteristics Roger Butters, Carlos Asarta, and Eric Thompson

Requirement I Free Essays

string(37) " a nu mber of Malaysians were there\." G51REQ Coursework 1 REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION REPORT Group: Authors: Muhammad Khidhir Hein Min Htike Ang Rhu Zen Date: 10/11/2011 Part 1 Report Summary The report is about the activities done and observed before, while and after the trip to Zoo Negara. The main activities were deciding where and when to go, making the trip, arriving at the place and doing a visit, returning from the trip and activities after the visit. Initially, we were planning to visit A’ Famosa in Malacca, but it was canceled as Malacca was a big distance away from the campus, and the travelling will take most of our time. We will write a custom essay sample on Requirement I or any similar topic only for you Order Now After searching on the internet about places to visit in Kuala Lumpur, we decided on visiting Zoo Negara on Saturday, which is much closer compared to Malacca and almost none of us had visited the place yet. On Saturday morning, we met at the SA building and drove to the zoo. Having a driver who knows the routes in Kuala Lumpur, we reached Zoo Negara in about an hour. However, we had a hard time finding parking spots as it was the eve of Hari Raya. In the end, we had to park our car a long distance away from the entrance, but at least we have arrived at the zoo. Inside the zoo, we saw different kinds of animals and there were several centers that function as a sanctuary for famous local birds, reptiles and fish. We collected data by taking pictures and interviewing a few individuals while having a break at one of the train stops. After we went to see the tigers and lions in the Mammal Kingdom, we finally left the zoo from another entrance, which was not far from where we parked. On the way back, we stopped at a Burger King in Damansara for late lunch before heading back to Nottingham. When we got back to our own home s, we saved the pictures hat were taken and started on writing the report. In the end, the problems we had on that trip was based on finding places within the zoo and wasting our time seeing some of the same attractions. Part 2 Approach to requirements elicitation Requirements elicitation is also known as requirements gathering, which is part of the process upon enquiring the requirements of a particular system from users, custo mers and stakeholders. In other words, it can also be considered as consul tation with the people who are involved in the process as mentioned above. Stages of elicitation include objective setting, background knowledge, knowledge organisation and stakeholder requirements collection. There is various specific approach of requirements elicitation which includes interviewing, soft systems methods, prototyping, scenarios, and requirements reuse and participant observation. These are some of the familiar approach to requirements elicitation. Firstly, the requirements engineer will talk about the system with numbers of stakeholders and boost the understanding of their requirements. Therefore, an interview will be conducted in order to get the necessary information. This can be done in two different ways, either through closed interviews or open interviews. Closed interviews will be conveyed by looking for answers from a pre-defined number of questions which has been set by the requirements engineer. Unlike closed interviews, open interviews let the requirements engineer to dispute with the stakeholders in an open-ended way about what they want from the system. Interviewers can never approach the interview with disapproving ideas about what is needed and must be open-minded. Besides that, stakeholders must be given an idea about the discussion by requirements proposal or show examples of an existing system. Secondly, scenarios technique is used for elicitation which explains the way a system is being used through stories description. It starts with an introduction of the system before the scenario starts, then the usual flow of events with some exception and information about coexisting activities. At the end of the scenario, a description of the system is being stated. Scenarios describe how a user communicates with a system. Participant observation is observing people at work because they find it difficult to tell what they do because it is normal to them. Moreover, ethnography method also has proved to be precious in understanding actual work processes. An ethnographer can observe people at work and create an image of how work is done. Furthermore, another method in requirements elicitation is requirements reuse. It involves taking a developed system and uses them in different system. These reused requirements have already been checked and validated in other system, thus saves time and effort. But, currently it is an informal process but through this, it could lead to bigger cost savings. By reusing, it could lead to a consistency of pattern through applications. While being at the zoo, we walked throughout the whole area of the zoo to get a better view and some first-hand experience on how things work there. We could see that, the signage doesn’t really give accurate direction to the place we wanted to go. The signage tells us to go towards the direction they give but in the end we were in a different pathway from the one we were supposed to be at. They should provide a clearer signage for people to understand it better. Additionally, I think there should be more staffs in and around the zoo to explain further information on the kind of animals we are looking at and provide some interesting details on how they eat or the kind of food that they eat and many more. These are the things that they should focus more on, and who wouldn’t like list ening to interesting stories of animals? Likewise, I can also observe the backgrounds of people who were there, so that a wider view can be seen on the people who we can put more focus on. I must say that, most of the visitors were foreigners and only a nu mber of Malaysians were there. You read "Requirement I" in category "Essay examples" This might be because of the past experience they had at the zoo. Therefore, I conducted interviews and ask them a few questions related to the zoo to know exactly what they think of the place and get some opinions and ideas from them. In my opinion, the interview gave us a lot of useful information on what the zoo can improve on and the things that should be maintained for them to get a better experience of the zoo. And hopefully, this will result in an increase in the numbe r of visitors and a better review from everyone Part 3 Practicalities of field study Anonymous1 Nationality: Malaysian Age: 42 Gender: Male Race: Malay Date of Birth: 12/05/1979 Occupation: Teacher Location: Ampang Marital Status: Married Anonymous2 Nationality: Malaysian Age: 18 Gender: Male Race: Chinese Date of Birth: 06/12/1993 Occupation: Student Location: Kampung Pandan Marital Status: Single Our group went to the National Zoo for up to almost 6 hours, including the journey of going to the zoo and coming back from the zoo. Later on, we went for a late lunch in Burger King which took us about half an hour to get there and left at approximately 30 minutes later. Then, we went back to our campus which took us another 40 minutes. In total, the duration of the whole trip was about 8 hours. There are a few data that we gathered which includes photos, informal interviews and field notes. From the informal interview, we interviewed two different people from completely different background, thus the answer from both of them gave us the idea of how people in their respective age think. When we did an interview with anonymous1, he complained about the number of staffs who were working in the zoo. It results in a poor service and maintenance of the place and also dirty cages and walkways that are fu ll of leaves. In addition, anonymous also complained about the lack of choices when it comes to food. There were only one restaurant inside the zoo and the price of the snacks is more expensive than outside. I think they should provide better facilities all around the zoo and increase the number of restaurants or just improve the quality of the restaurant that is inside there. There should be more places where people can sit and r elax in an airconditioning environment especially when time comes noon, it would be very hot in Malaysia nowadays. Other than that, we experienced the bad condition of the toilet where the water were flushing out from the floor and clogged sinks and toile t bowls. This issue should be resolve for it to be a better place. Part 4 Activities observed and their sequential orders The main activities involved in visiting places are finding a place to visit, planning the trip, performing the journey or going to the destination, doing the actual visiting, leaving and returning home, and after visit. The activity of finding a place to visit is composed of not only deciding where to go but also when to go. This activity is closely related to planning the trip. As a product of this activity, we will get a confirmed destination of visit and confirmed time-frame for the visit. The activity of performing journey is the process of actually going to the decided destination. This activity has to be carried out as planne d in the first activity. The product of this activity is that, we actually reach to planned destination. The processes in the activities of doing actual visiting are the processes carried out at the planned place. In our case, the processes like going ar ound and seeing the zoo and conducting the interviews are the processes that form the actual visiting activity. Data for ethnographic analysis can be obtained as the product of this activity. The activity of leaving and returning trip is the processes in volved in returning home from zoo. The product of is that, we get back home. The processes that made up the activity â€Å"after visit† are like transferring the pictures from cameras and writing the report base on the experiences from the above activities. T he products are saved pictures in pc and a report to submit. Sequential order of activities –Deciding and planning the trip Performing Journey Doing the visit Leaving and returning After Visit Part 5 Work Practice 1 (Deciding where and when to go and planning the trip) The work of visiting places begins by deciding where to as a group. We sat down in SA and decided where to go by using information from the internet. The first suggestion by Khidhir to choose as a visiting place was â€Å"D-paradise and A’ Famosa in Malacca†. But we the main problem with going to Malacca was the distance from our places. Malacca is 130 km from our place and the driving time to get there is 2 hours with no heavy traffic . The round trip will take approximately 4 and half hours. So, with the time frame we got, we will not have much time to do the actual visiting in Malacca. So, we decided not to go to Malacca and the other option is to visit a place near Kuala Lumpur. We s earched on the internet for places to see in KL. We got 3 options to visit in KL, namely, Batu Caves, Aquaria KLCC, Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, and Zoo Negara. We chose zoo Negara because two of the group members have not been there and thought it would be int eresting to see Malaysia major zoological park. We decided to go there on Saturday and to depart from Nottingham at around 9am. One of the group members own a car, so we decided to go with his car. Then, we discussed about the time allocation for the trip and what to do during the visit. Zoo Negara is only 43 km from Nottingham and can be reached within an hour drive. So, we will be at the zoo at around 10, and then we planned to do visiting and stay at zoo until after 3 pm because there is animal show at 3 pm. We planned to do some interviews at the zoo for the ethnographic analysis. We also discussed about what should be interview questions and we finally agreed for ten questions which will be stated in â€Å"Work Practice 3†. The products of this activity are that, we have definite idea of where to go and we have a plan for what to do during the trip. Work Practice 2 (Undertaking the journey) We met up on Saturday as planned and went on to have breakfast at the SA building. Then, we departed for zoo at 9:35 am. Khidhir was driving and Rhu Zen took the front seat beside him and Hein Min Htike was at the back seat. The driver knows KL routes insi de out, so, we didn’t need to any work of way-finding. We went to zoo directly except one pit -stop for fuel. It took us 50 minutes to get there and we were at zoo at 10:30. The problem when we reached zoo was that we could not find a parking space easily. Since we visited there on Saturday which was not only normal public but also eve of Hari Raya, there were so many visitors’ cars. We have had to park our car six streets away from entrance. The product of this activity is that, we really reached the zoo. Work Practice 3 (Arriving at the zoo and doing the visit) We took some photos at the entrance and then bought tickets and entered zoo. The ticket price for Malaysian is 20RM and for foreigner is 30RM. We first went to visit the â€Å"hornbill center† where they keep many hornbill species, monkeys and hippopotamus. Then, we visited the â€Å"bee museum†. Bee museum is a Kiosk selling honey and other bee related souvenirs. It also features displays of all the integrated honey industry activities from bee breeding to honey extracting. Then, we went on to see the Indian cows and the bears’ complex. Then, we took the Savannah Walk and saw a variety of African animals like Sable antelopes, Scimatar oryx, giraffes, ostriches, zebras, and white rhinoceroses. At the end of Savannah Walk road, we sat down at train stop 5 to give a rest to our legs and to make some interviews. We firstly interviewed â€Å"Anonymous1† from KL who was there with his family. Khidhir conducted the interview in Malay Language. We then interviewed â€Å"Anonymous2† who also lives in KL and he was there with his friends. We will write the main points of those interviews in â€Å"Question and Answer† format to save word count and to avoid repetition. Question: With whom you came here today and how many peop le are there with you? Is there any particular reason to come here? Anonymous1: I am visiting here with my family and there are total of 4 people with me, my wife and my two kids and myself. We are just having our week-end day out. Anonymous2: I am here with my friends and there are total of 5 people in my group. We have not been here for very long time, so we just wanted to see the changes inside the zoo. Question: How did you come here? Was there any problem getting here like parking problem? Anonymous 1: I drove here and there was not any particular problem to get here. We arrived here really early and so, we could manage to find a parking space easily. Anonymous 2: We came here with LRT and taxi. We reached Wangsa Maju station and we took taxi to get here. This place is easily accessible and there was no problem to get here. Question: Any comments about the animals in zoo? Anonymous1: Quite a lot of varieties of animals are kept in this zoo and the animals seem happy. Anonymous2: We have been walking around the zoo for only 2 hours and we have been to almost all the places inside the zoo. There are not much interesting animal in here except penguins. I have not seen penguins before. Question: How do you think of animal show available in this zoo? Anonymous1: The animal show at 11 am was quiet good, they spoke in Malay, so my kids could understand very well, and they really enjoyed it. Anonymous2: We arrived here at around 11 am. So we missed the morning show. But we really are not into seeing the animal show as there will be a lot of people at the show. Question: Any comments about staffs? Anonymous1: I didn’t see much of staffs. Only staffs I saw were at the entrances of zoo and aquarium world, and the staffs conducting the animal show. I th ink the number of staff is inadequate compare to the size of zoo because the animal cages are dirty and walkways are full of dry leaves and did not see anyone cleaning them. Anonymous2: I have nothing special to say about staffs from here. I rarely see the m inside the zoo. Question: How do you think of food shops and souvenir shops inside zoo? Anonymous1: As things inside the zoo are very expensive and I did not buy anything. Moreover, there is only one restaurant to have lunch or breakfast. Anonymous2: We were just discussing to go and have lunch. There are quite a lot of snack shops, but there is only one restaurant for lunch. I think there should be more restaurants, so that, visitors can choose their favorite meal. And drinks here at the snack shops are slightly expensive than outside. Question: Transportation inside zoo? Did you use it? Anonymous1: We preferred to walk to get closer look at the animals. Anonymous2: We planned to stay here until evening, so we are not in hurry. We decided to walk around the zoo. Question: How do you describe your overall experience at zoo? Things you like most? Things you like least? Anonymous1: We are having a fun time; especially for my children. It has been a good day out so far. What we liked most is Savannah Walk, which is like a small version of African landscape with the animals roaming freely, especially giraffes. Anonymous2: There is nothing much for adults to do in zoo. For sure, this is not one of our best days out. The good point inside the zoo is the tall, shady trees which provide shade for leisure troll. Things I do not like here are that, animals are kept in very dirty environment. The worst thing is aquarium where you cannot even see the fish clearly because of the dirty water and grubby mirrors. Question: What should be done to improve the overall quality of zoo? Anonymous1: More staffs should be stationed inside the zoo, to p rovide information and interact with visitors. And they should also prioritize the cleanliness of zoo. Anonymous2: There are so many rooms to improve in this zoo. Zoo maps are available for 2RM, which should be given free to every visitor. The signages ar e not around every corner, and even when you see them, they are not quite clear in their pointing direction. With no free map, and no clear signage, I am pretty sure that, visitors will get lost quite often. Moreover, there are no staffs to be seen inside the zoo to ask information or to ask direction. Another important thing there is that they should focus more on the cleanliness of environment. Everywhere inside the zoo is stinking. The toilets are very dirty. Question: Do you plan to visit the zoo again or would you recommend this to your friends? Any tips to organize a good day out to zoo? Anonymous1: My kids would like to come back here, so we might be coming again like 2, 3 months later. I would definitely recommend this place for a family day out fo r those with small kids. I would advise anyone to bring along their own food and drinks as things inside are twice the price outside. Anonymous2: No, we are not coming back here anytime in the future. And we will never recommend a friend to visit here. As a tip, don’t come here. Even when they come, come here early, to avoid extremely hot temperature inside zoo and to avoid heavy crowd. After the two interviews, we continued our visit inside the zoo. We went to mammal kingdom and then went on to see the tigers and lions. After that lion place, we went inside the reptile house and spent around thirty minutes inside. Then, we went inside bird house where so many species of birds are kept inside different compartments. We then sat bough some cold drink and sat down under the shade for about 15 minutes. Then, we went to see the aquarium world which is very dull and boring place. Fishes inside are nothing much interesting. Then we watched the animal show for a while because there were so many people and we could not see or hear the show very well from our place. We then went to penguin house and we have completed visiting the whole zoo. We made our way out from entrance B and found out that it was not far from the street where we parked our car. The products of this activity are that, we could enjoy the zoo, we could manage to finish the interviews and we got data for ethnography. Work Practice 4 (Return and getting home) We left zoo at around 3:50 pm and we drove to Damansara Burger King to have a late lunch. Damansara Burger king was 25 km far from zoo and it took us around 30 minutes to get there. Then, we have had lunch until around 4:50 and then we left for Nottingham University. It took us around 30 minutes to reach school and the distance was around 30 km. Once we reached Nottingham, we parted our ways to our houses. The products of this activity are having lunch, and getting back home. Work Practice 5 (After Visit) When reach our houses, we rested for some time. At night, we copied the pictures from camera memories cards to PCs. And we all started writing the report to submit. The products are the saved pictures and the report. Part 6 The Requirements Problem During our trip, we had a hard time navigating the zoo as we did not bring a map and also there were occasions that we had to use some of the facilities that were not well maintained. Another problem while doing the trip was that we may have missed some of the attractions because we did not have a map in the first place. We decided we need a system to be keeping track of what we had seen, what attractions we may have missed, and because there were not many staff members seen inside the zoo to maintain the facilities, which places to avoid. It should also update the group about any show times inside the zoo and keep a watch handy to check how long we were visiting some of the attractions. As a task scheduling system, it should be able to display some main attractions that we should see within the zoo itself, although the place itself is sm all, and not just simply walk around and attempt to understand what every animal is or does. Any group would definitely get bored walking under the hot sun only to see that the animals are sleeping during the mid-day. It should also be able to sort and notify the user or users of any events or shows that are going to start. That way, the group could plan on which places to visit in the zoo before walking back to see the animal show. This will also prevent the group from rushing around as the zoo has some very odd placement of some of the facilities, including toilets. Besides that, it hould have a mapping system so that it will display the locations of all the main attractions, the bus stops, resting spots and the toilets within the zoo as it was difficult to find a sign with the entire map of the zoo easily and therefore avoid wasting time going rounds inside the zoo. Other than that, because there were many places that had the same attractions, which eventually made one of our group members bored, the ta sk scheduling system should also have a notepad for any individual in the group to write their own comments about the zoo. This is to avoid having to see the same attraction under the very hot sun the next time he visits the zoo. Lastly, for any group members who were not familiar with the animals and find the description beside the animal cages confuse them even further, there should be a translator or encyclopedia to make it more understandable. It will also help other tourists who were busy looking for directions from us as they could not read some of the signs. How to cite Requirement I, Essay examples

Leadership Style of Managers

Introduction Leadership is the process of putting up a practice for people to throw in their efforts to make something happen (Burns 1978, p. 6). In a nutshell, leadership is perceived to mean the capacity to put in order a group of people to accomplish a common objective. The kind of a leader that an organization has will determine the direction that the organization will take in terms of development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Style of Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Visionary and exemplary leaders will steer an organization to prosperity and success, while inefficient leaders will drive the organization to disarray and disorder (Burns 1978, p. 6). The people under a leader will often derive their modes of behavior from their leader. They always look upon the leader to give them directions and instructions that are aimed at steering the organization forward (Chen, Silverthorne, 2005, P. 289). The overall definition of leadership is not easy to find. However, most definitions of leadership include elements found in the standard definition proposed by Stogdill (1974, p. 5). Stogdill defined leadership as a process of influencing the actions/operations of a structured group of people to establish or achieve a specific goal. Leadership as a process entail three fundamental aspects: First, influencing people to act in a given manner; second, working with individuals as a group; and last but not least, influencing the group towards goal setting or goal attainment (Stogdill, 1974, p. 5; Sosik Godshalk, 2000, p. 366). The most recent debates on leadership concepts tend to stress on the leader as manager. Nonetheless, both new and old concepts of leadership view leadership as a process where leaders recognize what is considerable for the organization (Gitsham Wackrill, 2012, p. 2; O’Connor, 2005, p. 268). This study will explore the leadership process in differe nt contexts and will mainly focus on the hospitality industry. The essay will also examine specific leadership requirements in the industry using specific companies as examples. Styles of Leadership Over the last century numerous studies have been conducted on leadership. Among them are studies related to different styles of leadership (Sosik Godshalk, 366). According to Northouse (2004, p. 7), leadership style is the prototype behavior of leaders and how they related to their juniors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Woods and King (2012, p. 4) defines leadership style as a pattern of relations between the management and junior staffs, which includes organizing, directing, method and mode used by the management to inspire the junior employees. The styles of leadership are influenced by a number of factors and these include: organizational environment, leadership traits and characteristics of the junior staff (Al-Ababneh, 2013, p. 94). As a result, leadership styles can be identified in accordance with the influence and behavior of the leaders. Some of the most common styles of leadership include autocratic leadership, egalitarian and laissez-faire (Al-Ababneh, 2013, p. 94). Chen and Silverthorne (2005, p. 283) emphasize that different styles of leadership may be embraced due to the leader’s discernment of their juniors’ preferred approach. Therefore, leadership style preference could be altered in accordance with the authority exercised by a leader over the subordinates. For this reason, power is very important in achieving organizational goals. In the hospitality industry, leadership is described as a â€Å"hands-on† style, which offers stress intercession, management of operations and relations between employees at all levels (Bolden et al., 2003, p. 5). In addition, Woods and King (2002, p. 55) confirmed that â€Å"hands onâ⠂¬  management style is common to the hospitality industry. He adds that â€Å"hands on† style is the most effective style in realizing the work satisfactorily, since most managers work closely with the junior staff and therefore are always more concerned about their welfare. Nonetheless, there is no single ideal style of leadership in the hospitality sector (Bolden et al., 2003, p. 6). On the contrary, experts argue it is never easy to embrace the laissez-faire style of leadership in the hospitality industry. This does not imply that dictatorial style is favored, but it is desirable in the hospitality sector. While Woods and King (2002, p. 65) point out that the most preferred style of leadership in the hospitality industry is dictatorial leadership. Quite the opposite, Al-Ababneh (2012, p. 98) established that the most prevalent style of leadership among managers in the hotel industry was based on power sharing. In other words, the most preferred style was democratic style .Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Style of Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Al-Ababneh (2013, 95) emphasizes that the hospitality industry is characterized by a strong culture and tradition. However, things have changed over the last few decades. Most of the current managers base their leadership on classical management style which focuses planning, managing, and assessing. The outcome of this style of management is absolute adherence to laws and regulations with modest room for personal liberty, inventiveness and novelty. He recommends transformational leadership which makes efficient use of human resources. As a transformational leader, managers in the hospitality industry will be able to develop a strong vision which will assist in clarifying and communicating organizational goals. In addition, transformational leadership will create an environment that cultivates enthusiasm, loyalty and s teady improvement (Al-Ababneh, 2013, p. 96). Nonetheless, besides Al-Ababneh no other hospitality literature reveals any aspect of transformational leadership. Most of them emphasizes on strong leadership that entails transformational aspects. Leadership and Hospitality Industry According to Mullins (1998, p. 10), many studies have been carried out on leadership but very few are related to the hospitality industry. Raelin (2003, p. 20) argues that the most successful companies in the hospitality industry are those whose leaders have embraced the democratic style of leadership. This means that all the employees take part in the decision making process and operate as a team. However, the greatest challenge in the industry is the steady delivery of high quality services, workers motivation and satisfaction through high quality performance (Tien Tsai, 2008, p. 56). Cutler (2010, p. 15) identified a number of features and challenges facing the hospitality industry and these include: fir st, the industry is constantly changing and faces consolidation and internal rivalry. In addition, the industry is expanding with labor mobility across the borders becoming a custom. As a result, the industry has been experiencing leadership challenge due to a diverse workforce. Second, the industry has the highest employee turnover rate due to high competition for quality staff. For that reason, most companies have resorted to expatriates and older workers who require a different style of management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Third, the industry has been experiencing a high level of competition among the players and low level of customer loyalty. Fourth, nearly half of the employees within the industry have not received adequate formal education and training (Cutler, 2010, p. 16). Given the above challenges, Cutler (2010, p. 23) came with distinct characteristics of excellent leader in the hospitality industry. First, an exceptional leader must be able to turn difficult situations into opportunities. Second, excellent leader must be able to create a culture that promotes personal growth and respect for individual contribution. Third, an exceptional leader must be able to encourage employees to take individual responsibility and work as a team. Last but not least, a good leader must build a close relationship within and without the organization (Raelin, 2003, p. 12; Cutler, 2010, p. 24). Leadership, Gender and Culture According to Ayman and Korabik (2010, p. 160), male and females will always achieve diff erent results even when working under the same conditions. This attributed to the fact that men enjoy high privilege and respect in society compared to women. On the contrary, women enjoy low status and less privilege. Competency model used in the field of psychology show that leadership ability varies between men and women. The difference is attributed to leadership traits and skills. These traits and skills are presumed to be the same regardless of gender and culture. However, the difference is attributed to external interference. Therefore, since these features have an effect on the way gender is perceived they considerably have an impact on access to leadership positions (Ayman and Korabik, 2010, p. 165). In a study conducted by Al-Ababneh on Middle East five-star hotels (2013, p. 95), very few women held top management positions. In addition, most of the female employees were foreigners. Therefore, gender and culture still have a considerable impact on leadership even in the cu rrent era. Conclusion Leadership has evolved continuously throughout the years, passing through various stages. The evolution of leadership can be traced from the pre-industrialization period to the current digital era. Leadership is simply a process of influencing a certain group to achieve a specific goal. There are different styles of leadership which are influenced by both internal and external factors. Some of the most common styles of leadership include autocratic leadership, egalitarian and laissez-faire. There is no single ideal style of leadership in the hospitality sector. However, experts attribute the success of most companies within the industry to a democratic style of leadership. References Al-Ababneh, M 2013, â€Å"Leadership Style of Managers in Five-Star Hotels and Its Relationship with Employee’s Job Satisfaction†, IJMBS, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 93.97. Burns, JM 1978, Leadership, Harper Row, New York. Ayman, R Korabik, 2010, Leadership: Why Gender and C ulture Matters, American Journal of Psychology, vol. 65. No. 3, pp. 157-170. Bolden, R, Gosling, J, Marturano, A Dennison, P 2003, A Review of Leadership Theory and Competency Frameworks, Exeter University, Exeter. Chen, J Silverthorne, C 2005, â€Å"Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Style and Employee Readiness†, Leadership Organization Development Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 280-288. Cutler A, 2010, Aspire to inspire Inspirational Leadership within the Hospitality, Leisure, Travel and Tourism†, www.hospitalityleadership.com. Gitsham, M Wackrill J 2012, Leadership in a rapidly changing world: How business leaders are reframing success, Ashridge Business School, London, UK. Mullins, LJ 1998, Managing People in the Hospitality Industry, 3rd edn, Addison Wesley Longman Limited, Harlow. Northouse, PG 2004, Leadership: Theory and Practice, 3rd ed, Sage Publications, California. O’Connor, D 2005, â€Å"Towards a new interpretation of hospitality†, Inter national Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol.17, no.3, p.268. Raelin, J 2003, Creating Leaderful Organizations, Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc, San Francisco. Stogdill, RM 1974, Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research, Free Press, New York. Sosik, JJ Godshalk, VM 2000, â€Å"Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job-related stress: A conceptual model and preliminary study†, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, vol. 21, pp. 365-390. Tien, H Tsai, C 2008, â€Å"Does national culture really matter? Hotel Service Perception by Taiwan and American tourists†, International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol.3, no.1, pp. 56-60. Worsfold, P 1989, â€Å"Leadership and Managerial Effectiveness in the Hospitality Industry†, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 145-155. Woods, RH King JZ 2002, Leadership and Management in the Hospitality Industry, 2nd edn, Educational Ins titute of the American Hotel Lodging Association, Michigan. This essay on Leadership Style of Managers was written and submitted by user Landry Barton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Incompatible legislation and Human Rights in the UK The WritePass Journal

Incompatible legislation and Human Rights in the UK Introduction Incompatible legislation and Human Rights in the UK IntroductionBibliography:Related Introduction First of all, much debate in the United Kingdom amongst commentators and some judges in relation to the human rights are currently being generated. The amalgamation of the European convention on human rights was introduced by Tony Blair (prime minister of the United Kingdom from the 2nd of May to the 27th June 2007) who led the government in 1998, and more importantly it was known as Human Right Act 1998. The  EuropeanCourtofHumanRightsin  Strasbourg is a  national  court, formed by the  European Convention on Human Rights, which provides legal remedy of final alternative for persons who feel that their  human rights  have been desecrated by a contracting party to the Convention. In addition, I would like to state that it is against the law for public authorities to act contrary to the convention rights. Parliamentary Sovereignty which has however been elemental to the constitution of England and Wales since the 17th century had an important role when it came to the realization of the incorporation of the European Court of Human Right (ECHR) into the United Kingdom law but the convention rights come into force through an Act of Parliament. Second of all, The Human Right Act section 6 also states that public authorities including courts must take actions attuned with definite Convention Rights as enforced in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Meanwhile, the Human Rights Act empowers the judiciary courts to interpret both delegated and primary legislations which is very well incompatible with the Convention Rights. Incompatibility under section 4 of the European Court of Human Right only comes in place when the domestic legislation is in conflict with the ECHR, interestingly it does not affect the validity of the legislation and the right to legislate contrary to the human rights are kept because no one can override any law at all which is made by the parliament, for an incompatible legislation to be set aside and stop to exist some amendments have to e made by the parliament. Incompatible legislation will have to go through the parliament for amendment and scrutiny. There would have been a massive entrenchment on the citizens’ individual human rights because protective mechanism would not have taken place within this period as was in the case of GC C v Commissioner of Police for Metropolis. This is an arbitrary policy which fails to permit consideration of personal factors and it as well permits imprecise custody of samples received in state of affairs where neither of the claimants have been accused of any offence or convicted of any offence. Although section 54 of the Police and Criminal Justice Act 2001 Section 82, which was amended states that fingerprints and DNA samples can be retained and used for the purposes related to the prevention and detention of crime investigating offences or conducting persecutions. Furthermore, Public authorities have a defence if legislation requires them to act the way they did in section 6(2), this was shown in the GC C v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [2010] EWHC 2225, through the policy which the Chief Constable of police officers adopted, in cognizance to retain biometric samples, DNA and fingerprints for an unlimited period like was explained above, and it infringes individual rights. Lastly, the introduction of the Human Rights Act is a development which is very well welcome because of its protection of individual convention rights. European Court of Human Right laws are not merged automatically into the United Kingdoms’ law simply because the United Kingdom is a dualist state unlike many continental European countries, which are monist. In dualist states a treaty ratified by the Government does not change the laws of the state except and until it is incorporated into national law by legislation. Until incorporating legislation is put to force, the national courts have no authority to put into effect treaty rights and obligations both on behalf of the Government or a private human being. Parties agree to secure these rights and freedoms to everyone within their jurisdiction. The Convention also establishes international enforcement machinery. To ensure the observance of the activities undertaken by the Parties, the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg has been set up; it  deals  with individual and inter-State petitions. At the demand of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, the Court may also give advisory opinions with reference to or pertaining the interpretation of the Conventions and the protocols thereto. Under the European Communities Act 1972 (ECA) Parliament willingly gave effect to the United Kingdoms’ obligations and duties under the previous Community and now European Union Treaties in national law. The European Community Act (ECA) defines the legitimately certified or legal relationship amid the two if not separate spheres of law, and exclusive of it European Union law could not become part of national law. Most of the Contracting Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights have included the Convention into their own national legal orders, either through constitutional provision, statute or judicial decision. Coupled with the access of force of Protocol No. 11, has radically improved the status of Convention rights, and the impact of the case law of European Court of Human Rights. In conclusion, the laws cannot be changed because of GC C v Commissioner of Police for Metropolis because a law made is a law to be kept and followed. It cannot be made flexible or easily amended at any given time because if it did there would not be any respect for the law and that would make the law be easily influenced which is not good for a country or state. Human Rights in the United Kingdom are not being fully protected but despite that fact the court has however being able to protect individual rights just like in the case of   R v The Head Teacher and Governors of Denbigh High School [2006]   UKHL 15, where the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords   was In favour with shabina Begum. Bibliography: Le Sueur, A., Sunkin, M., Murkens, J.E.K., ‘Public Law: Text, Cases and Materials’, (Oxford University Press: New York 2010) Le Sueur, A. Sunkin, M., ‘Public Law’, (Addison Wesley Longman Limited: New York, 1997)

Cómo ser exitoso pidiendo extensión de visa de turista

Cà ³mo ser exitoso pidiendo extensià ³n de visa de turista Los turistas extranjeros que se encuentran en Estados Unidos con una visa B1 o la combinada B1/B2 pueden solicitar una extensià ³n de su estadà ­a, si desean permanecer en el paà ­s por ms tiempo. Quià ©nes no pueden extender la visa de turista No todos los turistas pueden solicitar quedarse ms tiempo del que inicialmente les ha sido concedido.   Hay que tener en cuenta algunas situaciones especiales. En primer lugar, los mexicanos que ingresan a Estados Unidos con una visa de cruce BCC, tambià ©n conocida como lser, deben respetar reglas especiales de tiempo y tambià ©n de millas que se pueden adentrar ms all de la là ­nea de la frontera. Si sus planes son distintos, deben realizar previamente los trmites correspondientes. Por otro lado, los canadienses y los ciudadanos de Bermudas pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos como turistas sin visa por un mximo de 180 dà ­as. Pueden salir y regresar al poco tiempo, si bien en este caso se arriesgan a que el oficial fronterizo de la CBP consideren que estn en realidad viviendo en Estados Unidos y les niegue el ingreso al paà ­s. Los canadienses no deben confundir este plazo migratorio de 6 meses  con el de impuestos de 120 dà ­as, es decir, 4 meses. Son cosas distintas que a veces se confunden. Por à ºltimo, los ciudadanos de los paà ­ses incluidos en el programa de Exencià ³n de Visa pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos como turistas por un mximo de 90 dà ­as y no es posible en ningà ºn caso extender esta estadà ­a. Imposible. Tener en cuenta que si llegan por avià ³n en una là ­nea aà ©rea- es decir, no en una nave privada- se necesita solicitar una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica que se conoce como ESTA.  Esta autorizacià ³n no es una visa, por lo tanto es imposible extender lo que no se tiene. Todos los dems turistas, es decir, lo que ingresan con la visa B-2, que la mayorà ­a de las veces se emite conjuntamente con la B-1, que es la que se utiliza para negocios, pueden solicitar la extensià ³n. Pero para ser exitoso es conveniente seguir los siguientes consejos.   Cundo se puede solicitar la extensià ³n de la visa de turista Lo primero que hay que tener claro es cundo se puede permanecer legalmente en los Estados Unidos. Para ello, la informacià ³n la brinda el documento que se conoce como I-94. No cometer el error de considerar que la fecha que hay que mirar es la de expiracià ³n de la visa.  Son dos cosas completamente distintas. A continuacià ³n, tener en cuenta que no se debe pedir la extensià ³n muy pronto. Es decir, se aconseja llevar ya unos tres meses ya en los Estados Unidos. La razà ³n para dejar transcurrir ese tiempo es para evitar que las autoridades migratorias consideren que esa fue siempre la intencià ³n y que por lo tanto no se fue claro al ingresar al paà ­s. Si se da esa impresià ³n lo ms probable que suceda es que se niegue la peticià ³n de extensià ³n. Por otro lado, tampoco se puede enviar muy tarde la solicitud de la extensià ³n. Se considera que lo prudente es enviarla 45 dà ­as antes de que llegue el dà ­a mximo de estancia autorizada en los Estados Unidos. Por ejemplo, si segà ºn el I-94 la estancia autorizada finaliza el 30 de septiembre, enviar la solicitud el 16 de agosto o unos cuantos dà ­as antes. Cà ³mo se pide extender la visa de turista o paseo Antes de comenzar, verificar la fecha de expiracià ³n del pasaporte. Debe ser vlido en el momento en que se solicita la extensià ³n y asegurarse de que lo seguir siendo durante el tiempo para el cual se solicita la extensià ³n de la estadà ­a. Si se cumple ese requisito, proceder a continuacià ³n a rellenar el formulario I-539.  Ã‚  El nombre oficial es Application to extend/change nonimmigrant status y es que tambià ©n se utiliza para otras solicitudes. Por lo que es importante marcar y llenar sà ³lo las casillas que apliquen al caso. Documentacià ³n adicional Junto con la forma I-539 debe enviarse el  registro de entrada/salida I-94. Los extranjeros que ingresaron a los Estados Unidos despuà ©s del 30 de abril de 2013 por aeropuerto o puerto tienen una versià ³n digital de este documento. Se puede obtener una copia en la pgina oficial de la CBP. En los casos de ingreso por frontera terrestre en los que se tiene un I-94 de papel o casos especiales de ingresos por aeropuerto o puerto y se ha extraviado, llenar en su lugar el formulario que se conoce como I-102 para obtener asà ­ una copia. Adems, se debe explicar en una carta en inglà ©s y en detalle las razones para pedir la extensià ³n de la visa. Por quà © la estancia en EEUU continà ºa siendo temporal, cundo y cà ³mo se planea salir del paà ­s y tambià ©n quà © posibles efectos puede tener en el empleo que se tenga en el paà ­s de origen alargar la estancia en los Estados Unidos. En el caso de que varios miembros de una misma familia se encuentren visitando Estados Unidos, es suficiente rellenar una sola aplicacià ³n para solicitar la extensià ³n de la visa, siempre y cuando la unidad familiar està © conformada por los padres- o uno de ellos- e  hijos solteros  menores de 21 aà ±os. En cuanto al tiempo el que se pide la extensià ³n, queda a eleccià ³n del turista siempre y cuando sea por un tiempo inferior a los 180 dà ­as. Es conveniente ser razonable en este punto y pedir una ampliacià ³n que no resulte sospechosa y dà © lugar a que se pueda pensar que se est viviendo en el paà ­s, o se est trabajando, etc. Si se incluye documentacià ³n en un idioma distinto al inglà ©s, debe traducirse y certificarse la traduccià ³n siguiendo este modelo de carta. Arancel o cuota que pagar para extender la visa de turista En la actualidad deben abonarse $290 por este servicio. Para asegurarse de la cantidad, ya que puede cambiar en cualquier momento, se puede verificar en la pgina oficial del USCIS y buscar por el nombre del formulario, es decir, I-539 y aà ±adir la palabra arancel en inglà ©s, es decir, fee. Tambià ©n es posible marcar gratis al Servicio al Cliente del USCIS marcando gratuitamente al 1-800-375-5783. Se puede pagar mediante money orden o mediante un cheque en dà ³lares de un banco o de una institucià ³n financiera con oficinas en Estados Unidos y pagadero a nombre del U.S. Department of Homeland Security. No utilizar abreviaciones como DHS o USDHS. Oficina a la que se envà ­a Para la extensià ³n de la visa de turista existen dos direcciones a utilizar, corresponde una u otra dependiendo del mà ©todo de envà ­o.   Por correo ordinario: USCIS Dallas Lockbox U.S. Postal Service:USCISP.O. Box 660166Dallas, TX 75266 Por correo urgente o por servicio de mensajerà ­a: USCISATTN: I-5392501 S. State Highway 121 BusinessSuite 400Lewisville, TX 75067 Decisià ³n de las autoridades migratorias El USCIS notificar por escrito si concede o no la peticià ³n de extender la visa de turista. Por esta razà ³n, es fundamental que la notificacià ³n llegue a su destino y no se pierda por el camino. Por lo tanto, si se cambia de domicilio es importantà ­simo notificarlo, aunque lo recomendable, si es posible, es seguir en el mismo sitio hasta que llegue la carta. La decisià ³n del USCIS puede ser de tres tipos En primer lugar, se aprueba la peticià ³n de extender la visa. En este caso la nueva fecha tope para poder permanecer legalmente en Estados Unidos la seà ±ala el nuevo I-94. Siempre y cuando la extensià ³n se hubiera pedido dentro del periodo de presencia autorizada, no se incurrir en presencia ilegal mientras se espera por la aprobacià ³n del USCIS, aà ºn cuando esta llegue con fecha posterior a la seà ±alada en el I-94 de ingreso al paà ­s. En segundo lugar -y esto es de gran importancia- la falta de contestacià ³n por ms de 240 dà ­as. A partir de ese dà ­a se considera que la presencia del turista es ilegal. Y en tercer lugar, se niega la peticià ³n. En este caso hay que salir inmediatamente de los Estados Unidos. No se dice cuntos dà ­as exactamente se tiene que salir. Pero la obligacià ³n es que se salga de forma inmediata. Adems, en estos casos, hay un problema aà ±adido: se considera que se da una situacià ³n de presencia ilegal a contar desde el dà ­a en que expirà ³ el I-94 cuya extensià ³n ha rechazado el USCIS. Es decir, desde el punto de vista de las leyes migratorias esa persona es inadmisible lo cual tiene efectos inmediatos en la validez de la  visa de turista.  ¿Cuntas veces se puede pedir la extensià ³n de la visa? La ley no dice que exista un nà ºmero mximo de veces. Pero sà ­ el tiempo mximo que se puede permanecer en Estados Unidos con una visa de turista contando todas las extensiones aprobadas: 1 aà ±o. Por lo tanto no se puede encadenar extensiones pasado ese là ­mite. Errores que se deben evitar Una creencia extendida y que es completamente equivocada es la de entender que si no se sale a tiempo pero la estancia ilegal es por pocos dà ­as pues que no pasa nada. Sà ­ que hay consecuencias, desde el dà ­a primero. Adems, si la estancia ilegal se prolonga por ms all de medio aà ±o, aplica adems  el castigo de los tres o de los 10 aà ±os. Por otra parte, muchos turistas creen que pueden viajar a Mà ©xico, Canad o a las Bahamas por avià ³n o por tierra y luego regresar y obtener asà ­ un nuevo I-94. Pero eso no es asà ­, para obtener una nueva fecha en el I-94 habrà ­a que haber viajado fuera de toda Amà ©rica del Norte. Y aà ºn viajando a otro paà ­s, debe siempre tenerse en cuenta la frecuencia de los ingresos a Estados Unidos, pues podrà ­a dar lugar a problemas al llegar al puesto de control migratorio, por tierra, mar o aeropuerto. Algunas opciones poco conocidas En casos muy concretos, es posible viajar fuera de Estados Unidos y volver a entrar con una visa expirada. Es lo que se conoce como revalidacià ³n automtica. Pero est sujeta a requisitos muy estrictos.   Tambià ©n en casos muy especà ­ficos, es posible restaurar el estatus migratorio cuando se ha fallado a la hora de salir a tiempo o pedir la extensià ³n de la visa a tiempo. Consejos para mantener la visa de turista Para acabar este artà ­culo, seà ±alar que no sà ³lo la presencia ilegal puede dar lugar a problemas a la hora de mantener la visa de turista. Es muy importante respetar la intencià ³n de la visa: simplemente turismo. Por lo tanto si se desea casarse, hay que tener en cuenta ciertas precauciones. Si se quiere estudiar a tiempo completo, o lo que es lo mismo, ms de 19 horas, la visa que hay que solicitar es la de estudiante o, en su caso, la de intercambio. Y que por supuesto est prohibido trabajar con esta visa. Para ello hay que estar autorizado por un documento migratorio que lo permita. Trabajar sin estar autorizado es una violacià ³n migratoria.

Prop 30 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Prop 30 - Research Paper Example In November 2012, elections were conducted all over California in order to evaluate whether people were ready to increase the tax rates so that budget cuts could be prevented in the educational sector. According to the website of California Secretary of State, 54% of the voters favored taxes to be increased to finance education system. On the other hand, almost 46% of the total vote’s caste was in opposition to this initiative. Contextually, it should be mentioned that Jerry Brown, the governor of California had given full support to Prop 30. On the other hand, small businessmen and entrepreneurs opposed this proposition. They said that increasing the taxes would affect the businesses in the state adversely. Hence, that would be compensated by job cuts and shut down of smaller firms. Thesis Prop 30 is based on an utmost democratic approach that not only supports the freedom of expression but also takes on a combinatory political approach that ventures to adjudge popular mental ity on the mandate of free education. Particularly after the Civil War and abolition of slavery, equality has been a key area of both debate and pursuit in the American society, where social stratifications are supposed to be aligned to the merit based parameters. But what if education becomes costly? What if the economically backward children are left behind and the public schools raise their fees? Nevertheless, a just education system should be accessible to the economically backward people too. Hence, if it be necessary to increase taxes on the general public so that the schools can be financed better and broader educational outreach is harnessed, people must take a positive approach. California indeed needs educational reforms and the majority of Californians wish to see reforms. In this way, Temporary Taxes to Fund Education should be supported to provide more wealth to the educational establishments. By the means of public funding, governments can really open up the doors of w elfare economy to fulfill the popular aspirations. In the first go, this all may seem to be politically biased populist measures. But if we think a little deeper then we can accept that Californian education system has some real problems which should be solved with real solutions. Hence, Prop 30 was a move that deserved popular support. Discussion Educational disparities raise serious questions on the credibility of American Dream. â€Å"California leads the United States in the total number of African Americans enrolled in higher education, although the proportion of African American students enrolled in higher education continues to decline. Close to 76% of all African Americans in public elementary school graduate from high school, but only 13% go on to graduate from institutions in the California state higher education systems.† (Allen, Bonous-Hammarth, and Teranishi, 1-2) Higher education prospects in California appear to be parallel to a racially biased apartheid system . It reflects a sort of extreme socioeconomic disparity. An outstanding and reachable public higher education system augmented California’s economic development. But today, the lack of an equal opportunity based educational paradigm is playing a significant role to undermine the future prospects of the African American population. Therefore, educational reforms must be initiated to help California maintain its justifiable vibrancies and democratic institutions. Nevertheless, certain

Desktop Publishing for Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Desktop Publishing for Business - Assignment Example The sub-headings to be included, the topics that require to be covered extensively and the ones to be glossed over, have all got to be taken into consideration. DTP offers a lot more flexibility for a person while creating printed materials but the new age student still needs to grasp the importance of learning how to utilise and understand basics of design principle elements like space , texture, value, balance so that he/she can create an effective design layout. Design Principles: What is a design? A design can be said to be â€Å"a plan for arranging elements in such a way as to best accomplish a particular purpose† (Faimon & Weigand 2004: 13). A design is a creation of elements such as line, shape, colour, value and texture and is integrated with principles such as unity, variety, emphasis, balance and scale making it a design principle as a whole. Only when there is a proper integration of both design and principle, we can call it a successful design principle. The desig n principle can be said to be a form of communication through visual means. To communicate effectively, we have to use precise and correct language and likewise in visual communication, the designs we use will determine the efficacy of our communication. An examination of the individual components that make up the design principle in the given brochure, which include balance, white space, contrast, repetition, alignment and proximity reveals balance, in terms of design implies a distribution in visual weight of objects, colours, texture, and space. If we could arrange the designs on a linear scale, then both sides would have to be balance to make the design look and feel stable and if we arrange the design radially, then also the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar. The rule of thirds is another interesting mode of presentation but looks to be more confusing to a layman when compared to the symmetrical and the asymmetrical mode of presentation. The white space is the empty space left between words or in margins. It is the absence of text and graphics. It can help to follow a layout easily, highlight a certain element or help rest the eyes. All the elements of white space have been very effectively portrayed in the BMW brochure and the best way to utilize it has also been communicated. Avoiding rivers of white space and claustrophobic presentation makes the point clear that a design element has to remain uncluttered to be effective and eye-catching. Contrast forms the crux to a dynamic design, which creates visual interest and enhances the organization and hierarchy of your content. Contrast involves making two or more elements very different (e.g. heading and text). The contrasts shown in the brochure proves weak and the effectiveness could have been better if bright colours were used instead of just black and white images. Black and white does create contrast but all the images look repetitive and uninteresting. â€Å"Repetition w orks with pattern to make the artwork seem active† (Principles of Design 2011: 1). Whenever the elements of a design are repeated, the elements of design create symmetry and unity within the artwork. Repeating certain visual elements of the design throughout, improves visual impact, consistency, and strengthens

Joseph Hellers Catch 22 Essay -- Comparison Compare Contrast

Catch 22 Comparison Paper Catch 22 by Joseph Heller is a complex and intricate novel. Heller uses many themes, does not have the story line in chronological order and often uses irony in his descriptions. Many of the themes can be compared to other literature. One of the themes that can be compared is fear in war. The idea is that the evils and cruelty of war can make a grown man go back into a "fetal" state. This can be seen in The Ball Turret Gunner by Randall Jarrell and can be compared to the metaphor used in chapter five of Catch 22. In this chapter Yossarian talks about the tight crawl space which led to the plexiglass bombardier’s compartment. This can be looked at as the passageway to fear. Every time Yossarian climbs down he is entering a womb. Yossarian is depicted as being scared and that is why he goes down in the "womb" to feel secure. There, he is nothing but a scared child in a mother’s womb wanting to come out but he can’t. This can also be said for the character in the Ball Turret Gunner. The first lines the speaker says that he has had no choice but to be in this position of being in the belly of the bombardiers compartment. There he too feels as if he is nothing but a small child in his mother womb. He describes his helplessness when he says that he is "six miles form earth and loosed from the dream of life". However, the speaker in Ball Turret gunner goes to a further extent when he says that after the "nightmare", and he is killed and washed out of the compartment with a hose. Another theme addressed in Catch 22 was religion. In Catch 22 the characters questioned whether or not God was real. Many points are brought out by this question. One question is if God loves us so much, why are human lives va... ... kill. So no matter how patriotic Clevingers tear filled speech was death is death and nobody wants that fate. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest McMurphy tries to make the outside world seem so good which is true to the reader because of the reader’s knowledge of the evil plans that Nurse Ratchet has in store. However, the characters are not mentally ready for the outside world. They have been locked up for so long in the "prison" that they could not handle the evils presented to them by other people. Nurse Ratchet has taken away their self-confidence and they can not deal with other people criticism. In the part of the novel when McMurphy takes them on a fishing trip, it is seen how fragile they are. In the bait shop they are torn down buy the loafers there and they really loose confidence. The prison has impacted them and will leave a permanent scar mentally.

Negative impact of technology

IntroductionThe paradigm shift in the contemporary society in relation to the learning environment witnessed in the wake of a new light of advancement in technology has had all sorts of impact on various entities in the society. The forces of globalization have been viewed directly as destructive in many ways though this is still debatable as it is subjective of personal judgment.When technology fails to be used constructively or when it does not find an effective application, technology becomes detrimental to autonomy in thinking and action. This technology has seen introduction of the gadgets of science into the classrooms, study rooms and to be specific, to the students’ life. It has impeded the capability of self creativity in students as they leave all thinking to machines like computer and the hi-tech learning gadgets. Most people argue that modern technology has a negative impact on the socialization of students because it eliminates need for physical activity, impairs critical thinking skills, and limits face to face interaction.DiscussionLimits face to face interactionThis is not a subject one would conclude at once by leaning on one particular side. It is therefore imperative to critically look at both sides of the divide and an analyze views on the basis of zero bias. On the contrary, and in support of the argument above, we find that technology has invaded the learning environment and turned it upside down. The introduction of computers in schools, for example, has reduced the level of student- to-student interaction and in its stead placed student-to-computer interaction to rule supreme. (Glenn M. Kleiman (2000) The Digital Classroom- http://www.edletter.org/dc/kleiman.htm).This means that the students spend most of their time relating and communicating with the machines rather than face-to-face interaction of the students to each other. This later on leads to development of ethical dilemmas in the future society. In such a milieu the learne r prefers to associate with ‘non-physical’ characters on TV, net or web. This leads to stereotyping behavior in students. Recent research carried out in 2001, (Seemann, E. et al-(2001).   Also see C. Crawford et al. 2001 and URL: http://www.nsba.org/sbot/toolkit/tiol.html), reveals that the use of computer mediated communication and technology in the learning environment has great impact in changing the lives of students in the classroom. It further indicates that through modern technology, students’ behavior in terms of interactions with the teachers and the tutors is immensely influenced as well as that among the students themselves. This approach, the researchers argue, downplays the significance of social contact hence may lead many students to fail in developing the necessary social skills to function in the world.Impediment to Critical thinkingSecondly, the use of the modern technology in learning environment may be a substantial threat to the ability of students to develop high level of critical thinking. This means that since the use of computer aided communication will entail the fingers pressing for a click of the mouse, liberation of ideas will be thwarted and thus hinder creativity. When there is no liberation of ideas there’s little or no creativity and therefore originality and subsequent development take a back seat. Because of availability of a machine with ready-to-use programs, the student will not care questioning of the present method of approach to a problem and therefore will not discover new ways and means of solving a given problem.Eliminates need for physical activityThe technology can also play quite a significant role in producing laziness in terms of reduced physical dexterity to engage in any exercise that involves exercise to the body. The importance physical exercises play to the body is of great relevance to the healthy development of a physically fit individual. The above research also reiterates th at even physical activity by students becomes a nightmare as the only involvement of the student will be the hand or fingers, the eyes together with ears- if there be any additional item on the list, it should be nothing other than maximum fixation to the screen, (Seaman, E. et al-(2001)).Opposing argumentsOn the other side of the divide lies the great relevance computer aided communication and technology based learning have in modeling individual students in the classroom and the society. Those who argue that the relevance of technology in a learning environment is absolute contend that though the technology may have some negative impacts, the positive achievements are far much superb and outweigh the negative ones.   This argument holds that a student needs to develop the skills referred to as the multiple intelligences (Howard Gardner, 1983).Gardner says that the use of the powerful technological enables speeded development of these intelligences. In addition, human machine int eraction enables an individual to think, communicate and deliberate on ideas through development of creativity in words, speech and writing. Most modern technology like some computer software that allows young children to and illustrate their own narratives or stories before their motor skills are fully developed enhance learning and creativity to start early in life.Even though the use of computer aided communication and the technology in the conveyance of learning information is objected by some, learners are able to interact closely with mathematical intelligences which enable them to memorize, and carry out mathematical operations in addition to thinking mathematically, analytically and logically before applying the understanding to solve problem. Through these modern systems students are able to interact with scientists exploring the depths of certain places but electronically.The students also develop high ability to understand the world they live in through what they see thus developing spatial or visual intelligence. By development of kinesthetic intelligence students are able to learn through dexterity and coordination thus developing the ability to express their feelings better thereby removing any doubts of ethical dilemmas. The students too can have musical intelligence thus be able to perform and appreciate or create music by whichever means, voice, dance or instruments. Though some scholars argue and maintain that use of the technology reduces the student’s socialization capability, others maintain that in the real sense the technology gives the student the chance to gain high levels of interpersonal intelligence thus being able to cooperatively work with others. This is done through electronic networking.RefutationThe bias that is revealed when trying to analyze the argument from one viewpoint is quite evident. Technology has been of great importance in improving the quality of education, the efficiency in acquisition of information and e ffective application of positive changes in the society and realization of the relevance of these changes to the learning environment. At the same time, it would still be unwise to refute the negative impacts of the technology to the social relations, physical activity and critical thinking of the students in their classrooms. However, the positive role played in enhancing the appreciation of technology in the learning environment cannot go without being lauded. The role for sure supersedes by far the demerits that accompany it.ConclusionTo be of maximum benefit and relevance, application of technology in the learning environment must be applied with care and consideration in order to make the learning process to be qualitatively different and attractive. As we embrace the benefits of having technology, we must also prepare to deal with its negativities. This way, the learning process in the classroom can become richer and pose less threat to the values and autonomy of every individ ual student. Otherwise it would have an impact that is not desirable whether the learning environment is home-based or institutional one.References:Seemann, E., Wilkinson, L., et al. Impact of Technology on Socialization of Student in the Classroom, 2001.Kleiman, Glenn M. The Digital Classroom- 2000. Accessed on Friday April 25, 2008 from URL:   http://www.edletter.org/dc/kleiman.htmCrawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Teacher Education and Information